2020年9月12日星期六

AES字节数组加密解密流程

AES类时微软MSDN中最常用的加密类,微软官网也有例子,参考链接:https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/dotnet/api/system.security.cryptography.aes?view=netframework-4.8
但是这个例子并不好用,限制太多,通用性差,实际使用中,我遇到的更多情况需要是这样:
1、输入一个字节数组,经AES加密后,直接输出加密后的字节数组。
2、输入一个加密后的字节数组,经AES解密后,直接输出原字节数组。

对于我这个十八流业余爱好者来说,AES我是以用为主的,所以具体的AES是怎么运算的,我其实并不关心,我更关心的是AES的处理流程。结果恰恰这一方面,网上的信息差强人意,看了网上不少的帖子,但感觉都没有说完整说透,而且很多帖子有错误。

因此,我自己绘制了一张此种方式下的流程图:

按照此流程图进行了核心代码的编写,验证方法AesCoreSingleTest既是依照此流程的产物,实例化类AesCoreSingle后调用此方法即可验证。

至于类中的异步方法EnOrDecryptFileAsync,则是专门用于文件加解密的处理,此异步方法参考自《C# 6.0学习笔记》(周家安 著)最后的示例,这本书写得真棒。

 

 1 using System; 2 using System.Collections.Generic; 3 using System.IO; 4 using System.Linq; 5 using System.Security.Cryptography; 6 using System.Text; 7 using System.Threading; 8 using System.Threading.Tasks; 9 using System.Windows; 10  11 namespace AesSingleFile 12 { 13  class AesCoreSingle 14  { 15   /// <summary> 16   /// 使用用户口令,生成符合AES标准的key和iv。 17   /// </summary> 18   /// <param name="password">用户输入的口令</param> 19   /// <returns>返回包含密钥和向量的元组</returns> 20   private (byte[] Key, byte[] IV) GenerateKeyAndIV(string password) 21   { 22    byte[] key = new byte[32]; 23    byte[] iv = new byte[16]; 24    byte[] hash = default; 25    if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(password)) 26     throw new ArgumentException("必须输入口令!"); 27    using (SHA384 sha = SHA384.Create()) 28    { 29     byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(password); 30     hash = sha.ComputeHash(buffer); 31    } 32    //用SHA384的原因:生成的384位哈希值正好被分成两段使用。(32+16)*8=384。 33    Array.Copy(hash, 0, key, 0, 32);//生成256位密钥(32*8=256) 34    Array.Copy(hash, 32, iv, 0, 16);//生成128位向量(16*8=128) 35    return (Key: key, IV: iv); 36   } 37  38   public byte[] EncryptByte(byte[] buffer, string password) 39   { 40    byte[] encrypted; 41    using (Aes aes = Aes.Create()) 42    { 43     //设定密钥和向量 44     (aes.Key, aes.IV) = GenerateKeyAndIV(password); 45     //设定运算模式和填充模式 46     aes.Mode = CipherMode.CBC;//默认 47     aes.Padding = PaddingMode.PKCS7;//默认 48     //创建加密器对象(加解密方法不同处仅仅这一句话) 49     var encryptor = aes.CreateEncryptor(aes.Key, aes.IV); 50     using (MemoryStream msEncrypt = new MemoryStream()) 51     { 52      using (CryptoStream csEncrypt = new CryptoStream(msEncrypt, encryptor, CryptoStreamMode.Write))//选择Write模式 53      { 54       csEncrypt.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);//对原数组加密并写入流中 55       csEncrypt.FlushFinalBlock();//使用Write模式需要此句,但Read模式必须要有。 56       encrypted = msEncrypt.ToArray();//从流中写入数组(加密之后,数组变长,详见方法AesCoreSingleTest内容) 57      } 58     } 59    } 60    return encrypted; 61   } 62   public byte[] DecryptByte(byte[] buffer, string password) 63   { 64    byte[] decrypted; 65    using (Aes aes = Aes.Create()) 66    { 67     //设定密钥和向量 68     (aes.Key, aes.IV) = GenerateKeyAndIV(password); 69     //设定运算模式和填充模式 70     aes.Mode = CipherMode.CBC;//默认 71     aes.Padding = PaddingMode.PKCS7;//默认 72     //创建解密器对象(加解密方法不同处仅仅这一句话) 73     var decryptor = aes.CreateDecryptor(aes.Key, aes.IV); 74     using (MemoryStream msDecrypt = new MemoryStream(buffer)) 75     { 76      using (CryptoStream csDecrypt = new CryptoStream(msDecrypt, decryptor, CryptoStreamMode.Read))//选择Read模式 77      { 78       byte[] buffer_T = new byte[buffer.Length];/*--s1:创建临时数组,用于包含可用字节+无用字节--*/ 79  80       int i = csDecrypt.Read(buffer_T, 0, buffer.Length);/*--s2:对加密数组进行解密,并通过i确定实际多少字节可用--*/ 81  82       //csDecrypt.FlushFinalBlock();//使用Read模式不能有此句,但write模式必须要有。 83  84       decrypted = new byte[i];/*--s3:创建只容纳可用字节的数组--*/ 85  86       Array.Copy(buffer_T, 0, decrypted, 0, i);/*--s4:从bufferT拷贝出可用字节到decrypted--*/ 87      } 88     } 89     return decrypted; 90    } 91   } 92   public byte[] EnOrDecryptByte(byte[] buffer, string password, ActionDirection direction) 93   { 94    if (buffer == null) 95     throw new ArgumentNullException("buffer为空"); 96    if (password == null || password == "") 97     throw new ArgumentNullException("password为空"); 98    if (direction == ActionDirection.EnCrypt) 99     return EncryptByte(buffer, password);100    else101     return DecryptByte(buffer, password);102   }103   public enum ActionDirection//该枚举说明是加密还是解密104   {105    EnCrypt,//加密106    DeCrypt//解密107   }108   public static void AesCoreSingleTest(string s_in, string password)//验证加密解密模块正确性方法109   {110    byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(s_in);111    AesCoreSingle aesCore = new AesCoreSingle();112    byte[] buffer_ed = aesCore.EncryptByte(buffer, password);113    byte[] buffer_ed2 = aesCore.DecryptByte(buffer_ed, password);114    string s = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer_ed2);115    string s2 = "下列字符串\n" + s + '\n' + $"原buffer长度 → {buffer.Length}, 加密后buffer_ed长度 → {buffer_ed.Length}, 解密后buffer_ed2长度 → {buffer_ed2.Length}";116    MessageBox.Show(s2);117    /* 字符串在加密前后的变化(默认CipherMode.CBC运算模式, PaddingMode.PKCS7填充模式)118     * 1、如果数组长度为16的倍数,则加密后的数组长度=原长度+16119     如对于下列字符串120     D:\User\Documents\Administrator - DOpus Config - 2020-06-301.ocb121     使用UTF8编码转化为字节数组后,122     原buffer → 64, 加密后buffer_ed → 80, 解密后buffer_ed2 → 64123     * 2、如果数组长度不为16的倍数,则加密后的数组长度=16倍数向上取整124     如对于下列字符串125     D:\User\Documents\cc_20200630_113921.reg126     使用UTF8编码转化为字节数组后127     原buffer → 40, 加密后buffer_ed → 48, 解密后buffer_ed2 → 40 128     参考文献:129     1-《AES补位填充PaddingMode.Zeros模式》130     2-《关于PKCS5Padding与PKCS7Padding的区别》https://www.cnblogs.com/midea0978/articles/1437257.html131     3-《AES-128 ECB 加密有感》132    */133   }134 135   /***---声明CancellationTokenSource对象--***/136   private CancellationTokenSource cts;//using System.Threading;引用137   public Task EnOrDecryptFileAsync(Stream inStream, long inStream_Seek, Stream outStream, long outStream_Seek, string password, ActionDirection direction, IProgress<int> progress)138   {139    /***---实例化CancellationTokenSource对象--***/140    cts?.Dispose();//cts为空,不动作,cts不为空,执行Dispose。141    cts = new CancellationTokenSource();142 143    Task mytask = new Task(144     () =>145     {146      EnOrDecryptFile(inStream, inStream_Seek, outStream, outStream_Seek, password, direction, progress);147     }, cts.Token, TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning);148    mytask.Start();149    return mytask;150   }151   public void EnOrDecryptFile(Stream inStream, long inStream_Seek, Stream outStream, long outStream_Seek, string password, ActionDirection direction, IProgress<int> progress)152   {153    if (inStream == null || outStream == null)154     throw new ArgumentException("输入流与输出流是必须的");155    //--调整流的位置(通常是为了避开文件头部分)156    inStream.Seek(inStream_Seek, SeekOrigin.Begin);157    outStream.Seek(outStream_Seek, SeekOrigin.Begin);158    //用于记录处理进度159    long total_Length = inStream.Length - inStream_Seek;160    long totalread_Length = 0;161    //初始化报告进度162    progress.Report(0);163    164    using (Aes aes = Aes.Create())165    {166     //设定密钥和向量167     (aes.Key, aes.IV) = GenerateKeyAndIV(password);168     //创建加密器解密器对象(加解密方法不同处仅仅这一句话)169     ICryptoTransform cryptor;170     if (direction == ActionDirection.EnCrypt)171      cryptor = aes.CreateEncryptor(aes.Key, aes.IV);172     else173      cryptor = aes.CreateDecryptor(aes.Key, aes.IV);174     using (CryptoStream cstream = new CryptoStream(outStream, cryptor, CryptoStreamMode.Write))175     {176      byte[] buffer = new byte[512 * 1024];//每次读取512kb的数据177      int readLen = 0;178      while ((readLen = inStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) != 0)179      {180       // 向加密流写入数据181       cstream.Write(buffer, 0, readLen);182       totalread_Length += readLen;183       //汇报处理进度184       if (progress != null)185       {186        long per = 100 * totalread_Length / total_Length;187        progress.Report(Convert.ToInt32(per));188       }189      }190     }191    }192   }193  }194 }

 

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