2020年7月6日星期一

.Net Core微服务入门全纪录(七)——IdentityServer4

前言

上一篇【.Net Core微服务入门全纪录(六)——EventBus-事件总线】中使用CAP完成了一个简单的Eventbus,实现了服务之间的解耦和异步调用,并且做到数据的最终一致性。这一篇将使用IdentityServer4来搭建一个鉴权中心,来完成授权认证相关的功能。

IdentityServer4官方文档:https://identityserver4.readthedocs.io/

鉴权中心

创建ids4项目

关于IdentityServer4的基本介绍和模板安装可以看一下我的另一篇博客【IdentityServer4 4.x版本 配置Scope的正确姿势】,下面直接从创建项目开始。

来到我的项目目录下执行:dotnet new is4inmem --name IDS4.AuthCenter

image-20200629210341489

执行完成后会生成以下文件:

image-20200629210446718

用vs2019打开之前的解决方案,把刚刚创建的ids项目添加进来:

image-20200629210933318

将此项目设为启动项,先运行看一下效果:

image-20200629211848802

image-20200629212102283

项目正常运行,下面需要结合我们的业务稍微修改一下默认代码。

鉴权中心配置

修改Startup的ConfigureServices方法:

// in-memory, code configbuilder.AddInMemoryIdentityResources(Config.IdentityResources);builder.AddInMemoryApiScopes(Config.ApiScopes);builder.AddInMemoryApiResources(Config.ApiResources);builder.AddInMemoryClients(Config.Clients);

Config类:

public static class Config{ public static IEnumerable<IdentityResource> IdentityResources =>  new IdentityResource[]  {   new IdentityResources.OpenId(),   new IdentityResources.Profile(),  }; public static IEnumerable<ApiResource> ApiResources =>  new ApiResource[]  {   new ApiResource("orderApi","订单服务")   {    ApiSecrets ={ new Secret("orderApi secret".Sha256()) },    Scopes = { "orderApiScope" }   },   new ApiResource("productApi","产品服务")   {    ApiSecrets ={ new Secret("productApi secret".Sha256()) },    Scopes = { "productApiScope" }   }  }; public static IEnumerable<ApiScope> ApiScopes =>  new ApiScope[]  {   new ApiScope("orderApiScope"),   new ApiScope("productApiScope"),  }; public static IEnumerable<Client> Clients =>  new Client[]  {   new Client   {    ClientId = "web client",    ClientName = "Web Client",    AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.Code,    ClientSecrets = { new Secret("web client secret".Sha256()) },    RedirectUris = { " },    FrontChannelLogoutUri = "    PostLogoutRedirectUris = { " },    AllowedScopes = new [] {     IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.OpenId,     IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.Profile,     "orderApiScope", "productApiScope"    },    AllowAccessTokensViaBrowser = true,    RequireConsent = true,//是否显示同意界面    AllowRememberConsent = false,//是否记住同意选项   }  };}

Config中定义了2个api资源:orderApi,productApi。2个Scope:orderApiScope,productApiScope。1个客户端:web client,使用Code授权码模式,拥有openid,profile,orderApiScope,productApiScope 4个scope。

TestUsers类:

public class TestUsers{ public static List<TestUser> Users {  get  {   var address = new   {    street_address = "One Hacker Way",    locality = "Heidelberg",    postal_code = 69118,    country = "Germany"   };      return new List<TestUser>   {    new TestUser    {     SubjectId = "818727",     Username = "alice",     Password = "alice",     Claims =     {      new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.Name, "Alice Smith"),      new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.GivenName, "Alice"),      new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.FamilyName, "Smith"),      new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.Email, "AliceSmith@email.com"),      new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.EmailVerified, "true", ClaimValueTypes.Boolean),      new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.WebSite, "      new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.Address, JsonSerializer.Serialize(address), IdentityServerConstants.ClaimValueTypes.Json)     }    },    new TestUser    {     SubjectId = "88421113",     Username = "bob",     Password = "bob",     Claims =     {      new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.Name, "Bob Smith"),      new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.GivenName, "Bob"),      new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.FamilyName, "Smith"),      new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.Email, "BobSmith@email.com"),      new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.EmailVerified, "true", ClaimValueTypes.Boolean),      new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.WebSite, "      new Claim(JwtClaimTypes.Address, JsonSerializer.Serialize(address), IdentityServerConstants.ClaimValueTypes.Json)     }    }   };  } }}

TestUsers没有做修改,用项目模板默认生成的就行。这里定义了2个用户alice,bob,密码与用户名相同。

至此,鉴权中心的代码修改就差不多了。这个项目也不放docker了,直接用vs来启动,让他运行在9080端口。/Properties/launchSettings.json修改一下:"applicationUrl": " id="ocelot集成ids4">Ocelot集成ids4

Ocelot保护api资源

鉴权中心搭建完成,下面整合到之前的Ocelot.APIGateway网关项目中。

首先NuGet安装IdentityServer4.AccessTokenValidation

image-20200706100658900

修改Startup:

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services){ services.AddAuthentication(IdentityServerAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)  .AddIdentityServerAuthentication("orderService", options =>  {   options.Authority = "   options.ApiName = "orderApi";   options.SupportedTokens = SupportedTokens.Both;   options.ApiSecret = "orderApi secret";   options.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;  })  .AddIdentityServerAuthentication("productService", options =>  {   options.Authority = "   options.ApiName = "productApi";   options.SupportedTokens = SupportedTokens.Both;   options.ApiSecret = "productApi secret";   options.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;  }); //添加ocelot服务 services.AddOcelot()  //添加consul支持  .AddConsul()  //添加缓存  .AddCacheManager(x =>  {   x.WithDictionaryHandle();  })  //添加Polly  .AddPolly();}

修改ocelot.json配置文件:

{ "DownstreamPathTemplate": "/products", "DownstreamScheme": "http", "UpstreamPathTemplate": "/products", "UpstreamHttpMethod": [ "Get" ], "ServiceName": "ProductService", ...... "AuthenticationOptions": { "AuthenticationProviderKey": "productService", "AllowScopes": [] }},{ "DownstreamPathTemplate": "/orders", "DownstreamScheme": "http", "UpstreamPathTemplate": "/orders", "UpstreamHttpMethod": [ "Get" ], "ServiceName": "OrderService", ...... "AuthenticationOptions": { "AuthenticationProviderKey": "orderService", "AllowScopes": [] }}

添加了AuthenticationOptions节点,AuthenticationProviderKey对应的是上面Startup中的定义。

Ocelot代理ids4

既然网关是客户端访问api的统一入口,那么同样可以作为鉴权中心的入口。使用Ocelot来做代理,这样客户端也无需知道鉴权中心的地址,同样修改ocelot.json:

{ "DownstreamPathTemplate": "/{url}", "DownstreamScheme": "http", "DownstreamHostAndPorts": [ {  "Host": "localhost",  "Port": 9080 } ], "UpstreamPathTemplate": "/auth/{url}", "UpstreamHttpMethod": [ "Get", "Post" ], "LoadBalancerOptions": { "Type": "RoundRobin" }}

添加一个鉴权中心的路由,实际中鉴权中心也可以部署多个实例,也可以集成Consul服务发现,实现方式跟前面章节讲的差不多,这里就不再赘述。

让网关服务运行在9070端口,/Properties/launchSettings.json修改一下:"applicationUrl": " id="客户端集成">客户端集成

首先NuGet安装Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.OpenIdConnect

image-20200706121544645

修改Startup:

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services){ services.AddAuthentication(options =>  {   options.DefaultScheme = "Cookies";   options.DefaultChallengeScheme = "oidc";  })  .AddCookie("Cookies")  .AddOpenIdConnect("oidc", options =>  {   options.Authority = "   //options.Authority = "   options.ClientId = "web client";   options.ClientSecret = "web client secret";   options.ResponseType = "code";   options.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;   options.SaveTokens = true;   options.Scope.Add("orderApiScope");   options.Scope.Add("productApiScope");  }); services.AddControllersWithViews();  //注入IServiceHelper //services.AddSingleton<IServiceHelper, ServiceHelper>();  //注入IServiceHelper services.AddSingleton<IServiceHelper, GatewayServiceHelper>();}// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env, IServiceHelper serviceHelper){ if (env.IsDevelopment()) {  app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage(); } else {  app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error"); } app.UseStaticFiles(); app.UseRouting(); app.UseAuthentication(); app.UseAuthorization(); app.UseEndpoints(endpoints => {  endpoints.MapControllerRoute(   name: "default",   pattern: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}"); }); //程序启动时 获取服务列表 //serviceHelper.GetServices();}

修改/Helper/IServiceHelper,方法定义增加accessToken参数:

/// <summary>/// 获取产品数据/// </summary>/// <param name="accessToken"></param>/// <returns></returns>Task<string> GetProduct(string accessToken);/// <summary>/// 获取订单数据/// </summary>/// <param name="accessToken"></param>/// <returns></returns>Task<string> GetOrder(string accessToken);

修改/Helper/GatewayServiceHelper,访问接口时增加Authorization参数,传入accessToken:

public async Task<string> GetOrder(string accessToken){ var Client = new RestClient(" var request = new RestRequest("/orders", Method.GET); request.AddHeader("Authorization", "Bearer " + accessToken); var response = await Client.ExecuteAsync(request); if (response.StatusCode != HttpStatusCode.OK) {  return response.StatusCode + " " + response.Content; } return response.Content;}public async Task<string> GetProduct(string accessToken){ var Client = new RestClient(" var request = new RestRequest("/products", Method.GET); request.AddHeader("Authorization", "Bearer " + accessToken); var response = await Client.ExecuteAsync(request); if (response.StatusCode != HttpStatusCode.OK) {  return response.StatusCode + " " + response.Content; } return response.Content;}

最后是/Controllers/HomeController的修改。添加Authorize标记:

[Authorize]public class HomeController : Controller

修改Index action,获取accessToken并传入:

public async Task<IActionResult> Index(){ var accessToken = await HttpContext.GetTokenAsync("access_token"); ViewBag.OrderData = await _serviceHelper.GetOrder(accessToken); ViewBag.ProductData = await _serviceHelper.GetProduct(accessToken); return View();}

至此,客户端集成也已完成。

测试

为了方便,鉴权中心、网关、web客户端这3个项目都使用vs来启动,他们的端口分别是9080,9070,5000。之前的OrderAPI和ProductAPI还是在docker中不变。

为了让vs能同时启动多个项目,需要设置一下,解决方案右键属性:

image-20200706123144511

Ctor+F5启动项目。

3个项目都启动完成后,浏览器访问web客户端 src="https://gitee.com/xhznl/Blog.Images/raw/master/images/image-20200706124027549.png" alt="image-20200706124027549" loading="lazy">

因为我还没登录,所以请求直接被重定向到了鉴权中心的登录界面。使用alice/alice这个账户登录系统。

image-20200706124523974

登录成功后,进入授权同意界面,你可以同意或者拒绝,还可以选择勾选scope权限。点击Yes,Allow按钮同意授权:

image-20200706124924213

同意授权后,就能正常访问客户端界面了。下面测试一下部分授权,这里没做登出功能,只能手动清理一下浏览器Cookie,ids4登出功能也很简单,可以自行百度。

image-20200706125257382

清除Cookie后,刷新页面又会转到ids4的登录界面,这次使用bob/bob登录:

image-20200706125759968

这次只勾选orderApiScope,点击Yes,Allow:

image-20200706130140730

这次客户端就只能访问订单服务了。当然也可以在鉴权中心去限制客户端的api权限,也可以在网关层面ocelot.json中限制,相信你已经知道该怎么做了。

总结

本文主要完成了IdentityServer4鉴权中心、Ocelot网关、web客户端之间的整合,实现了系统的统一授权认证。授权认证是几乎每个系统必备的功能,而IdentityServer4是.Net Core下优秀的授权认证方案。再次推荐一下B站@solenovex 杨老师的视频,地址:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV16b411k7yM ,虽然视频有点老了,但还是非常受用。

需要代码的点这里:https://github.com/xiajingren/NetCoreMicroserviceDemo

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